Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine historical cases of the influence of analogical (metaphorical) thinking in the invention of scientific hypotheses and the invention of artistic ideas, and to illuminate analogical thoughts as a method of creating scientific hypotheses through the innovative cases. The innovative cases are Artificial Intelligence, One of the most important scientific achievements of recent years, Einstein's relativity principle, the bubble chamber of Donald Glaser (1926~2013), Newton's 'optical principle', atomic model of Rutherford (Rutherford, Ernest 1871~1937), and 'music of the spheres' of Pythagoras. This study have examined the influence of analogical thinking on the creation of science hypotheses in those innovative cases. This study have also been able to see what kind of analogical thinking about 'the Hanging Gardens of ancient Babylon' has affected the 'Shanghai Hanging Garden Building' to block China 's fine dust. In addition, Buddhist epistemology 'sudden enlightenment (dùnwù 頓悟) that can inspire the hypothesis of creativity improvement of modern cognitive psychology has been examined as analogical thinking method. This study presented the possibility of humanities including history, religion and philosophy to be a huge analogy system for the creation of science hypothesis through the case of 'Shanghai Hanging Garden Building' and the case of creativity research of modern cognitive psychology. This study also presented the possibility that the analogical (metaphorical) thought could be a way to integrate science, art, and humanities to create new outcomes.